Baikonur in Kazakhstan: a dive into the heart of the world’s first spaceport

Located in the arid steppes of Kazakhstan, Baikonur is much more than just a city: it is the birthplace of space exploration. This legendary cosmodrome, from where the first satellites, manned missions, and the most iconic rockets have launched, attracts space enthusiasts from around the world.

With an area of 6,717 km², it spans the Kyzylorda region in southern Kazakhstan, and remains an active space center. Every year, tourists from around the world come to witness rocket launches— a unique and unforgettable experience.

History of Baikonur

Baikonur is a place where 20th-century history comes to life, blending glorious past and cutting-edge technology.

• 1955: The Baikonur Cosmodrome is created during the Soviet era and becomes the site of the greatest space advancements.
• 1957: The first satellite, Sputnik 1, is launched, marking the beginning of space conquest.
• 1961: Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel in space, lifting off from Baikonur. Since then, the site has hosted hundreds of launches, becoming a symbol of human ingenuity.
• June 2015: Baikonur celebrates its 60th anniversary, recalling its central role in space history.
• Today: The cosmodrome is leased by Kazakhstan to Russia until 2050. It remains the primary launch site for Russian space missions, including flights to the International Space Station (ISS).

Can Baikonur be visited?

Yes, but with restrictions.

Baikonur is not a traditional tourist site. Access is strictly controlled due to its strategic importance and ongoing space activities.

However, it is possible to visit the cosmodrome through guided tours.

Organizing a guided tour

Specialized agencies based in Almaty, Astana, and Kyzylorda offer organized tours.

These tours generally include a visit to the launch facilities, as well as iconic monuments like the launch pad of Gagarin.

Attending a launch

For enthusiasts, witnessing a rocket launch is an unforgettable experience. Launch dates are published in advance, but spots are limited and subject to approval.

🚀 Visit the official website dedicated to Baikonur Cosmodrome’s tourism for more information on the available tours and upcoming launch dates.

Why is Baikonur closed to the public?

Baikonur is a highly secure military and space zone. The reasons for its closure to the public, except for guided tours, are multiple:

• Security: Rockets and space installations require a controlled environment to avoid accidents or espionage.
• Sensitive activities: The site houses cutting-edge technologies and strategic missions, particularly for defense and space exploration.
• Access control: Kazakhstan and Russia strictly regulate entry to protect the infrastructure and sensitive data.

How to access Baikonur and where to stay?

Getting to Baikonur

By air: Internal flights connect Almaty or Astana to Kyzylorda in under 2 hours, and then a transfer by car, bus, or train is required to reach Baikonur.

By train: Lines run from Astana to Kyzylorda (about 20 hours), and from Almaty to Kyzylorda (16-18 hours), after which a transfer by car, bus, or train is necessary to reach Baikonur.

⚠️ Don’t forget that a special permit is mandatory to enter Baikonur: all visitors must obtain authorization, typically arranged by accredited travel agencies.

Accommodation

Baikonur city has hotels up to three stars. It is advisable to book in advance, especially during rocket launches.

Some tours include accommodation.

What to see in Baikonur?

The cosmodrome has several points of interest for visitors:

• Gagarin’s launch pad: The historic site from which Yuri Gagarin launched in 1961.
• “Proton-K” launch complex: An impressive site used for heavy rocket launches.
• “Soyuz” assembly complex: Where rockets are prepared before launch.
• Monuments: Statues dedicated to Yuri Gagarin, Sergey Korolev (the father of the Soviet space program), and other iconic figures of space.
• Museums: The cosmodrome museum, Yuri Gagarin’s memorial house, and Sergey Korolev’s house offer a fascinating insight into space history.

Practical tips for tourists

• Plan in advance: Permits and tours may take several weeks to arrange.
• Follow the rules: Baikonur is a sensitive site. Follow the instructions of guides and local authorities.
• Budget accordingly: Tours and transport can be costly, but the experience is well worth it.

If you’re planning a trip to Kazakhstan, feel free to contact me via Instagram or WhatsApp for advice or to help organize your stay! You can also email me at (easternpathsdata@gmail.com) or book a call for any questions.

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